OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of allicin on the nude rat model of endometrial carcinoma (EC) and its mechanism. STUDY DESIGN: The nude rat model of subcutaneous EC was established successfully. Then 60 tumor rats were divided into model group, highdose allicin group, middledose allicin group, and lowdose allicin group. The tumor tissues were isolated, and the tumor weight was measured. Then the paraffin sections were prepared and the morphological changes in tumor tissues were detected via hematoxylineosin staining. The ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from tissues, and the mRNA levels of related factors were determined using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR). The apoptosis of tumor tissues was detected via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Finally, the protein expressions of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and pERK1/2 were determined through western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with those in the model group, the tumor weight significantly declined (p<0.05), obvious apoptosis of tumor tissues occurred (p<0.05), and the protein expression of pERK1/2 in tumor tissues declined in the highdose allicin and middledose allicin groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Allicin inhibits the growth of subcutaneous EC and promotes the apoptosis of tumor cells in nude rats through suppressing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. © Science Printers and Publishers, Inc.